Taw qhia ntawm Voltmeter

Txheej txheem cej luam

Voltmeter yog ib qho cuab yeej rau ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob, feem ntau siv voltmeter - voltmeter.Lub cim: V, muaj cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub rhiab heev galvanometer, lub kauj yog tsim los ntawm cov xov hlau txuas nrog hauv cov kab nruab nrab ntawm ob lub terminals ntawm lub galvanometer, lub kauj yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, thiab txuas nrog lub pointer. ntawm lub moos los ntawm cov khoom sib kis.Feem ntau voltmeters tau muab faib ua ob yam.Lub voltmeter muaj peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg, ib lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo thiab ob qhov zoo terminals.Lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ntawm voltmeter txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ntawm lub voj voog, thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo ntawm lub circuit.Lub voltmeter yuav tsum tau txuas nrog tib lub sijhawm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev sim.Lub voltmeter yog ib tug loj heev resistor, zoo tagnrho suav hais tias yog ib tug qhib Circuit Court.Qhov feem ntau siv voltmeter ranges hauv tsev kawm theem siab cov chav sim yog 0 ~ 3V thiab 0 ~ 15V.

Working txoj cai

Traditional pointer voltmeters thiab ammeters yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas yog qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov tam sim no.Qhov ntau dua tam sim no, qhov ntau dua qhov sib nqus quab yuam tsim, uas qhia tau tias qhov ntau dua qhov viav vias ntawm tus taw tes ntawm lub voltmeter.Nyob rau hauv lub voltmeter muaj ib tug hlau nplaum thiab ib tug hlau kauj.Tom qab dhau qhov tam sim no, lub kauj yuav tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus.Tom qab lub kauj yog energized Deflection yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlau nplaum, uas yog lub taub hau ib feem ntawm lub ammeter thiab lub voltmeter.

Txij li thaum lub voltmeter yuav tsum tau txuas nrog nyob rau hauv parallel nrog rau kev ntsuas, yog hais tias tus rhiab ammeter ncaj qha siv raws li ib tug voltmeter, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub 'meter' yuav loj heev thiab lub 'meter' yuav hlawv tawm.Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov kev tiv thaiv loj yuav tsum tau txuas nrog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv ntawm lub voltmeter., Tom qab qhov kev hloov pauv no, thaum lub voltmeter txuas nrog nyob rau hauv tib lub voj voog, feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv rau ob qho kawg ntawm lub 'meter' yog sib koom los ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis kam, yog li tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub 'meter' yog qhov tseeb. me me, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv tau ib txwm.

Lub cim ntawm DC voltmeter yuav tsum ntxiv "_" hauv qab V, thiab lub cim ntawm AC voltmeter yuav tsum ntxiv ib txoj kab "~" hauv qab V.

Adaim ntawv thov

Siv los ntsuas tus nqi hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv Circuit Court lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Kev faib tawm

Mechanical qhia ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas DC voltage thiab AC voltage.Muab faib ua DC voltmeter thiab AC voltmeter.

Hom DC feem ntau yog siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob magnetoelectric thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob electrostatic.

Hom AC feem ntau yog siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob rectifier, electromagnetic hom hluav taws xob ntsuas, hluav taws xob hom hluav taws xob ntsuas thiab electrostatic hom hluav taws xob ntsuas.

Cov voltmeter digital yog ib qho cuab yeej uas hloov cov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob mus rau hauv daim ntawv digital nrog analog-rau-digital converter thiab qhia hauv daim ntawv digital.Yog hais tias qhov voltage yog txawv txav vim yog vim li cas xws li xob laim, siv lub suab nrov sab nraud absorbing Circuit Court xws li lub hwj chim kab lim los yog non-linear resistor.

Cov lus qhia xaiv

Kev ntsuas mechanism ntawm ammeter thiab voltmeter yog qhov zoo ib yam, tab sis kev sib txuas hauv kev ntsuas hluav taws xob sib txawv.Yog li, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum raug sau tseg thaum xaiv thiab siv ammeters thiab voltmeters.

⒈ Hom xaiv.Thaum ntsuas yog DC, DC 'meter' yuav tsum raug xaiv, uas yog, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas.Thaum ntsuas AC, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nws qhov waveform thiab zaus.Yog tias nws yog sine yoj, nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb (xws li tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam) tsuas yog los ntawm kev ntsuas tus nqi zoo, thiab txhua yam AC meter tuaj yeem siv tau;Yog tias nws tsis yog sine nthwv dej, nws yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas Rau tus nqi rms, qhov ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab magnetic los yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ferromagnetic tuaj yeem xaiv, thiab tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab rectifier tuaj yeem ua tau. xaiv.Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob.

⒉ Kev xaiv qhov raug.Qhov siab dua qhov tseeb ntawm cov cuab yeej, tus nqi kim dua thiab kev kho kom yooj yim dua.Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lwm yam xwm txheej tsis zoo sib xws, cov cuab yeej nrog qib siab raug yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xaiv ib tug tsawg-tsim ntsuas kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau kev ntsuas, tsis txhob xaiv ib tug high-precision ntsuas.Feem ntau 0.1 thiab 0.2 meters yog siv raws li tus qauv ntsuas;0.5 thiab 1.0 meters yog siv rau kev ntsuas ntsuas;Cov cuab yeej qis dua 1.5 feem ntau yog siv rau kev ntsuas engineering.

⒊ Kev xaiv ntau yam.Txhawm rau muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas, nws tseem yuav tsum tau xaiv qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov ntsuas raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov ntsuas tus nqi.Yog tias qhov kev xaiv tsis raug, qhov kev ntsuas qhov yuam kev yuav loj heev.Feem ntau, qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum ntsuas ntau dua 1/2 ~ 2/3 ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntsuas, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tshaj nws qhov siab tshaj plaws.

⒋ Kev xaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv sab hauv.Thaum xaiv ib lub 'meter', qhov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm lub 'meter' yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov ntsuas impedance, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj.Vim hais tias qhov loj ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv qhia txog kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub 'meter' nws tus kheej, thaum ntsuas tam sim no, lub ammeter nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws sab hauv yuav tsum tau siv;Thaum ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob, lub voltmeter nrog qhov loj tshaj sab hauv yuav tsum tau siv.

Mkev tsis ncaj ncees

1. Ua raws li cov lus qhia nruj me ntsis, thiab khaws cia thiab siv nyob rau hauv qhov tso cai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, av noo, plua plav, kev vibration, electromagnetic teb thiab lwm yam kev mob.

2. Cov cuab yeej uas tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab cov dej noo yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.

3. Cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev ntev yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho raws li kev ntsuas hluav taws xob.

4. Tsis txhob disassemble thiab debug lub ntsuas ntawm lub siab nyiam, txwv tsis pub nws rhiab heev thiab raug yuav raug cuam tshuam.

5. Rau cov cuab yeej nrog cov roj teeb uas tau teeb tsa hauv lub 'meter', ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tso tawm ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab hloov lawv lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob muaj cov roj teeb electrolyte thiab corrosion ntawm cov khoom.Rau lub 'meter' uas yuav tsis siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lub roj teeb hauv lub ntsuas yuav tsum raug tshem tawm.

Cov teeb meem xav tau kev saib xyuas

(1) Thaum ntsuas, lub voltmeter yuav tsum tau txuas nrog nyob rau hauv parallel rau Circuit Court nyob rau hauv kev sim.

(2) Txij li thaum lub voltmeter txuas nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub load, lub internal kuj Rv yuav tsum tau loj npaum li cas ntawm load kuj RL.

(3) Thaum ntsuas DC, ua ntej txuas lub pob "-" ntawm lub voltmeter mus rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm kawg ntawm lub voj voog nyob rau hauv kev sim, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas "+" khawm kawg mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm kawg ntawm lub voj voog hauv kev sim.

(4) Rau ntau qhov ntau ntawm voltmeter, thaum qhov txwv kom muaj nuj nqis yuav tsum tau hloov, lub voltmeter yuav tsum raug txiav tawm ntawm lub voj voog hauv kev sim ua ntej hloov qhov txwv kom muaj nuj nqis.

Tkev daws teeb meem

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov voltmeter yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws muaj ntau hom, tab sis feem ntau siv cov voltmeters (xws li digital multimeters) tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub sijhawm-coded DC digital voltmeters ntawm ramp A / D converters thiab kev sib piv ua tiav.Muaj ob hom kev tawm tswv yim-encoded DC digital voltmeters rau A / D converters.Feem ntau, muaj cov txheej txheem txij nkawm hauv qab no.

1. Kev xeem zoo ua ntej hloov kho

Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm "xoom hloov kho" thiab "voltage calibration" ntawm lub tshuab tom qab pib ua ntej preheated los txiav txim seb qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov voltmeter yog qhov qub.

Yog tias qhov polarity ntawm "+" thiab "-" tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm "xoom hloov", lossis thaum qhov voltages ntawm "+" thiab "-" raug ntsuas, tsuas yog cov lej tso tawm tsis raug, thiab txawm tias tus lej voltage tso tawm los ntawm ob qho tib si. ntawm ob yog qhov tseeb., uas qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov logic muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov voltmeter yog ib txwm.

Hloov pauv, yog tias xoom hloov tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau lossis tsis muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob digital, nws qhia tau tias qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab tag nrho yog qhov txawv txav.

2. Ntsuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Qhov tsis raug lossis tsis ruaj khov cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm ntau yam DC tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov voltmeter digital, thiab zener diodes (2DW7B, 2DW7C, thiab lwm yam) uas yog siv los ua "kev siv hluav taws xob" qhov chaw tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, uas ua rau lub logic muaj nuj nqi. ntawm digital voltmeter.Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb.Yog li ntawd, thaum pib kho qhov txhaum, koj yuav tsum xub xyuas seb qhov sib txawv ntawm DC voltage stabilized outputs thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov voltmeter yog qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov.Yog tias qhov teeb meem raug pom thiab kho, qhov txhaum feem ntau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab cov logic muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov voltmeter digital tuaj yeem rov qab los li qub.

3. Cov cuab yeej hloov tau yooj yim

Semi-variable li nyob rau hauv lub internal circuits ntawm cov voltmeters, xws li "reference voltage" qhov chaw trimming rheostats, txawv amplifier khiav hauj lwm taw tes trimming rheostats, thiab transistor tswj fais fab mov voltage-regulating potentiometers, thiab lwm yam, vim hais tias cov zawv zawg terminals ntawm no semi- adjustable pab kiag li lawm muaj kev sib cuag tsis zoo, los yog Nws cov hlau-qhov txhab tsis kam yog mildewed, thiab cov zaub tus nqi ntawm cov voltmeter yog feem ntau tsis raug, tsis ruaj khov, thiab ntsuas tsis tau.Qee zaum kev hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv hloov kho ib nrab feem ntau tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuag tsis zoo thiab kho cov voltmeter digital kom zoo.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim yog parasitic oscillation ntawm lub transistor tswj fais fab mov nws tus kheej, nws feem ntau ua rau cov voltmeter los tso saib qhov tshwm sim tsis ruaj tsis khov.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab tag nrho, qhov voltage regulating potentiometer kuj tuaj yeem hloov me ntsis kom tshem tawm cov kab mob parasitic oscillation.

4. Saib xyuas qhov ua haujlwm waveform

Rau lub faulty digital voltmeter, siv ib tug haum electronic oscilloscope los soj ntsuam lub teeb liab waveform tso zis los ntawm lub integrator, lub teeb liab waveform tso zis los ntawm lub moos mem tes generator, lub ua hauj lwm waveform ntawm lub nplhaib kauj ruam trigger Circuit Court thiab lub ripple voltage waveform ntawm cov tswj fais fab mov. .

5. Kawm txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Circuit Court

Yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas saum toj no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob digital voltmeter, uas yog, kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum, thiab kev npaj tshuaj xyuas Ib txoj kev npaj rau kev ua tsis tiav.

6. Tsim ib txoj kev npaj xeem

Digital voltmeter yog ib qho cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntsuas qhov tseeb nrog cov qauv hauv Circuit Court complex thiab logic zog.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv-tob ntawm nws ua hauj lwm txoj cai ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab, ib tug xeem txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau kos raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej ntawm qhov ua tsis tau tejyam ua rau kom zoo txiav txim siab qhov chaw txhaum thiab nrhiav kom paub qhov puas thiab txawv tus nqi. pab kiag li lawm, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cov cuab yeej.

7. Kuaj thiab hloov kho lub cuab yeej

Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv Circuit Court ntawm cov voltmeter digital, ntawm cov Zener raws li qhov siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob, uas yog, tus qauv Zener diode, xws li 2DW7B, 2DW7C, thiab lwm yam. integrator circuit, lub nplhaib kauj ruam ua rau lub switching diodes nyob rau hauv Circuit Court, raws li zoo raws li cov integrated blocks los yog switching transistors nyob rau hauv lub npe bistable Circuit Court, feem ntau puas thiab hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi.Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej hauv nqe lus nug yuav tsum tau sim, thiab cov cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem kuaj lossis kuaj tau tab sis tseem muaj teeb meem yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom qhov txhaum tuaj yeem tshem tawm sai sai.